Luxembourg website
The country of Luxembourg is located in the northwest of the continent of Europe. It is called the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, and it is one of the smallest countries in the world. The following is the most important information about this country:
The official name of the country | State of Luxembourg / Grand Duchy of Luxembourg |
Capital | Luxembourg |
Continent | Europe |
the ruler | Grand Duke Henry |
population | 344,100 thousand people |
the language | Luxembourgish language, German language and the French language |
Religion | Christianity (Catholics, Protestants), Judaism, Islam |
Regime | A country with a constitutional monarchy |
History of Independence | June 9, 1815 AD |
Establishment | 1839 AD |
The climate | The climate is moderate with high rates of rainfall |
Capital of Luxembourg
The capital of the State of Luxembourg is Luxembourg City, one of the liveliest cities that attracts tourism and tourists. Because of the many places it contains that entice others to visit and enjoy them, especially since it contains many museums and theatres, the language will not be a barrier for those who wish to visit them. In addition to the three official languages of the city (Luxembourgish, French, and German), the visitor can use English or... Portuguese or Italian. The city also contains many green spaces, distinct forests, and archaeological sites.
The most important feature of Luxembourg City is the northern part, as it is a historical region, it is located on a large rocky plateau called the “Kirchberg Plateau” and is surrounded by valleys and rivers, and on the other side of it there is a valley called Wadi Al-Zeit, and this area has become the new headquarters. For many European institutions of a financial and cultural nature, Luxembourg City is in fact, although it is one of the smallest European capitals, it is a city with international standards, with a population of (124,000) thousand people, and foreigners residing in it constitute (70%) of the total population, and thus It is a city with a multi-ethnic and multi-sectarian population, containing approximately (170) nationalities.
Geographical features of Luxembourg
The State of Luxembourg is located in the northwest of the European continent and is bordered by the State of France to the south, the State of Belgium to the northwest, and the State of Germany to the northeast. It is considered one of the smallest countries in the world in terms of geographical area, with an area of 2,582 square meters. It extends from north to south by approximately 82 km, while it extends from east to west by approximately 82 km. It has a diverse geographical nature, including plains, forests, lakes, as well as rivers, and many forests and natural parks with picturesque landscapes.
It should be noted that Luxembourg shares common borders with Belgium in the northwestern region of (148) km, while its borders with Germany in the east are (135) km, and in the south with France (73) km, which has led to some calling it The third border country, and most of the cities and villages in it are only 30 km away from the border.
Demographics of Luxembourg
Regarding the nature of the population in the State of Luxembourg, their population, according to estimates in 2020 AD, is (633,100) thousand people, and their population is expected to reach (763,000) in 2030 AD, The most important thing that distinguishes this population is their diversity; As half of the population does not hold Luxemburg nationality; That is, they are foreigners, as the population is a mix or mixture of cultures and languages, which gives it the characteristics of global cities.
n addition to those who live permanently, there are approximately 185,000 employees who come to work there from neighbouring countries such as Germany, Belgium, and France, as they contribute to supporting the country’s economy and advancing it continuously. It is worth noting that half of the country’s population is women, as the average age of newborns is 80 years for males and 84.5 for females.
Languages in Luxembourg
There are many languages used in the State of Luxembourg, but the official and approved languages there are three: (Luxembourgish, German, and French), and these are the official languages that were approved under the country’s multilingual law, which was issued in 1984 AD, which stipulated: Luxembourgish is considered the national language, while German and French are administrative languages. Luxembourgish and German are used more widely in the north and east of the country, while French and Portuguese prevail in the south of the country.
People have begun to use many languages due to the multiplicity of nationalities in the country. It has surpassed the three official languages. Therefore, it has become common for people to be able to get a job; a person must master two of these languages completely, including French. Likewise, the English language is one of the languages widely used in the country, especially in financial activity, insurance, and finance.
Religions in Luxembourg
The Constitution of the State of Luxembourg stipulates freedom of worship and public practices of religions and religious beliefs. It also grants the freedom to citizens to express those beliefs and ideas in a way that does not negatively affect security and tranquillity in society. For this reason, the state has become a religiously pluralistic nature, and the country’s population mostly belongs to Roman Catholics, there are also Roman Protestants, as well as followers of the Jewish religion, and finally, there are also good numbers of Muslims.
History of Luxembourg
The history of the founding of the Luxembourgish state goes back to the Roman state. It was originally created to be a Roman fortress because of its distinctive geographical location which was used to reach Spain. This was between the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The founding of the state dates back to the year 963 by Count “Siegfried,” a descendant of Charlemagne, ruler of the Frankish Kingdom. Count Siegfried was granted an area near the valley of the Alzeit River, which was a small stronghold called “Lucilinburhuc”, and for this reason, the name Luxembourg appeared for the first time in history, and until now, the state and its capital bear this name.
Currently, the State of Luxembourg is a member of the United Nations, the European Union, and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, as well as a member of NATO. The capital also includes many international institutions and agencies affiliated with the European Union, and on October 18, 2012, the State of Luxembourg was chosen for the first time in its political history and even holds a temporary seat on the United Nations Security Council.
Economy in Luxembourg
The economy of Luxembourg is characterized by rapid and strong growth, the level of inflation is low, the economy is one of the economies with high incomes, and it does not suffer from unemployment. In the past, the industrial sector in the country was dominated by the activity of the steel and iron industry, while it is characterized by a diverse nature at the same time. Currently, new and different industries have entered, such as the manufacture of chemicals, machinery, and heavy equipment, the manufacture of automobile spare parts, and other vital industries. As for the financial sector in the country, it is one of the leading and distinguished sectors in the country’s economy, as it represents 36% of the country’s gross domestic product.
Industry
The economy in Luxembourg depends on three main types of industries or sectors:
Iron and steel industry: The iron and steel industry is one of the largest industrial sectors in Luxembourg, and it has contributed significantly to supporting the country's economy.
Information technology: Luxembourg has a developed information and communications technology sector, especially since it operates some satellites and space stations. It was ranked ninth globally in the 2015 Information Technology Support Report.
Financial and banking services: This sector is one of the largest sectors supporting the economy in Luxembourg, as it ranked third among the most competitive centres on the European continent after London and Zurich, and ranked eighteenth in the world.
Infrastructure
Luxembourg has a large infrastructure represented by a distinguished system of land and sea roads, railway lines, ports, airports, an advanced communications network, and an energy supply system that works efficiently and excellently, as the government often allocates a higher percentage of its domestic product on infrastructure than any other country on the continent. European.
Culture and education in Luxembourg
It seems that the education and culture system in Luxembourg is very similar to what prevails in Belgium, although the School Law, which was issued in 1843 AD, was largely influenced by the Dutch Education Law and the French School Law of 1833 AD, and Education in the country is of two types: Public is mostly funded by the public sector and the government, and private is funded by religious institutions. As for the curriculum followed in education, it is very similar to the French curriculum. As for language teaching, French is equal in importance to German.
Tourism and Antiquities in Luxembourg
Tourism and antiquities are an integral part of Luxembourg's economy, as they contributed 8.3% of the country's gross product in 2009. Luxembourg receives approximately 900,000 tourists annually, due to the country's environmental and cultural diversity, which attracts many visitors. Visitors and tourists, and it is one of the vital sectors that absorb a lot of manpower, as it usually employs approximately 25,000 people.
National Museum of History and Arts
The National Museum of History and Arts is located in the capital, Luxembourg, in the centre of its old city, a city listed on the UNESCO list. The museum occupies a large area estimated at 6,200 square metres and contains many treasures and original, rare, and archaeological historical pieces whose origins go back to Roman times. (240) BC. It also contains ceramic artefacts, as well as many contemporary and modern artworks by many famous and international artists.
Benedictine Monastery
The Benedictine Monastery is a monastery located in the centre of Eslake in a village called “Clairvaux” in the middle of a castle built in the fifteenth century, a Roman church, and a large Benedictine monastery of Saint-Maurice and Saint-Maur. This castle is distinguished by the fact that it is located on a hill surrounded by horseshoe-shaped houses. To create a beautiful view and natural atmosphere, in addition to the presence of the Cliff River increases the beauty of the place. It is often a destination for visits by people coming from outside the city, and that castle was restored after it was destroyed during World War II.
Bock Fort Luxembourg
It is a fort that has been listed by UNESCO as belonging to a World Heritage Site. This fort contains tunnels with a length of approximately 23 kilometres, which were built underground in the year 1644 AD, during the era of the Spanish occupation, to fortify it from the enemy. It was expanded by Vauban, the French military engineer, and in the eighteenth century, some defensive corridors were placed at a depth of 40 meters. Perhaps the construction of those castles and forts in the city was the main reason behind calling it the Gibraltar of the North.
Guillaume II Square
It is a large square located in the centre of Luxembourg City. It is called by another name, “Knoedler,” which is the necklace that Franciscan monks wear on their clothes. A monastery for Franciscan monks is located near it, and in the middle of the square is a statue of King William II of the Netherlands and the Grand Duke of Luxembourg. In that square, there is a tourist office. This provides tourists with a free map of the city and information about it.
Bourscheid Castle
It is the largest existing castle in Luxembourg, and it consists of a structure in very beautiful circular shapes. It seems that its construction dates back to the tenth century, and then some modifications were made to it in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries by adding a wall to it. There are six towers of beautiful construction. Currently, the castle is illuminated at night, creating a beautiful atmosphere that makes the visitor feel comfortable and comfortable, in addition to the presence of audio guidance in seven languages to introduce visitors to the nature of the place and its history.
La Rochette Old Market town
The old market town is located in a narrow rocky valley, surrounded by forests on all sides. Two old castles from the twelfth century have been partially rebuilt, as they are located on a rocky cliff higher than the White Valley of the Arnes, which suggests to the visitor a lot of romance. Psychological relief and calm, especially when walking around the square and the old streets of the area.
Natural places
Luxembourg is full of picturesque natural places, such as forests and plains interspersed with lakes and rivers, or rock formations and plants with beautiful colours, all of which form charming and beautiful natural scenes. These are areas that are still in their natural state, and no modifications have been made, so the visitor to those places feels a lot. Comfort and tranquillity away from the hustle and bustle of cities.
Markets
Many people of different nationalities and races live in Luxembourg, which in turn is reflected in the movement, nature, and diversity of the markets to suit all tastes. Therefore, it contains many shops and commercial markets that provide all types of goods and famous brands, and thus a person can... He can find what he wants to buy there, and it also contains many small stores and small markets.
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